The person who says it cannot be done should not interrupt the person doing it. (Chinese proverb)
Nutritional Approach to Gangrene Vs. Medical Establishment
Dry foot gangrene, as a part of diabetes and/or atherosclerosis management, has become a major medical problem. This website is intended to allow you to manage your own care, ask the right questions, insist on adequate management and information, and seek an optimal outcome for yourself as an informed patient. Perhaps it will even help the health professionals - vascular specialists and foot doctors (chiropodists, podiatrists) - who are giving care to better understand and, hopefully, incorporate into their practice the nutritional approach to gangrene - its prevention and treatment.
The U.S. Health Care System is rated number one in cost, but 72nd in quality.
Whether one should recommend nutritional measures to control gangrene - for which there is strong evidence that they do indeed work, but which are not 100 percent verified - will evoke different opinions from medical establishments.
It stands to reason that any safe approach to gangrene, no matter how low the probable success rate, should be vigorously investigated. Thousands of people worldwide would benefit from it.
Anecdotal and empirical experience regarding the nutritional approach to gangrene has existed for over 20 years. While reasonable people do not expect 100 per cent success for any therapy, hundreds of them can say that they have experienced a remarkable improvement with this approach.
Isn't that why we have science, to investigate methods such as nutritional control of gangrene? It is beyond comprehension that scientific medical studies neither refute nor support the nutritional approach.
There are no established medical research processes or procedures to evaluate "non-drug" remedies, and for a reason. There is still little medical evidence that vital substances (micronutrients) required for life in small amounts can have great healing effects in larger amounts. Simply put, the medical scientific establishment doesn't know how to evaluate a drug-free approach to health problems.
To understand why the nutritional control of gangrene has not been investigated, you need to realize that there is no special interest or economic incentive to provide proof, only a large counter-incentive not to do so by those with the means to run such a study.
In other words, the only incentive is a general, rather than a special interest. So, if governments won't conduct a study on behalf of their people to verify inexpensive methods already available, who will, especially if it would cost a company millions? And why bother?
Should nutritional method of controlling gangrene not work, it has been shown to be harmless. Furthermore, a large study isn't going to do the average person much good.
The best way to find out whether the nutritional control of gangrene can work for you is for you to try it. Then you can find out what others learned years ago: it can avoid toe, foot or leg amputation safely.
Unfortunately, no effort what-so-ever has been made by the medical scientific establishment to investigate, much less verify, this approach to gangrene.
Therefore, up to date, there haven't been the outcome studies to document that the nutritional method of controlling gangrene doesn't work. They don't exist because the regulators and others are opposed to doing the research - because so many people have discovered that nutritional method of controlling gangrene does work!
It's time then for true studies to be done on outcomes of the patient. The medical gold standard of research - the double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study - was great -- but only for infectious diseases. As it's impossible to hold all variables the same, this standard has become outmoded for today's outcome studies; it should go the way of the monetary gold standard.
It's also time for medical establishments to place the patient foremost and to understand that doing "no harm" should be the only treatment.
Observational Evidence Vs. Formal Evidence
The key question for much good nutritional advice is not whether proof is at hand, but what is the order of probability that the advice is correct.
We recommend nutritional measures aimed at controlling gangrene. And we do so on the basis of evidence gained from observations in hundreds of users of our nutritional Gangrene Clearing Formula supported by basic dietary and lifestyle changes.
But not everybody, including medical establishments, agrees that the evidence is enough to act upon. Until formal proof is established, this matter remains a legitimate question of judgment, which varies from one person, or institution, to another.
However, the only way to obtain scientifically acceptable proof of the association between nutritional means, such as targeted nutritional supplementation, and gangrene would be to
take a large number of persons from the same population,
put half of them on a gangrene clearing formula and a diet, and
see if that half controls foot or leg gangrene less than the rest.
Such critical test should be performed in a three-to-five-year, $75-million study conducted, for example, by the American Heart Association. The conclusive evidence would be published as a formal proof of the role played by nutrition in the process of controlling gangrene.
Unfortunately, such a multi-million study has not been run yet.
Should we wait then for "conclusive" evidence, which may be years away and too late for some of us? Can we accept probable evidence?
We need to realize that not taking a stand, insisting on waiting until all the evidence is in, is itself - a position and a recommendation! Not taking a stand is not really the neutral position it is made out to be.
On the other hand, physicians like to pretend, and many have kidded themselves into believing, that whatever they espouse has been "scientifically proved." Nonsense!
A great deal of what established medicine recommends today with good conscience is not formally "proved"! In other words, in medicine it is not uncommon to recommend measures for which only substantial evidence exists.
Example No. 1:
Many doctors have for years been recommending the lowering of blood cholesterol because this would probably help prevent coronary heart disease, but this was not "proved" until 1984, and then for only a selected category of patient.
And only in early 1985 did a panel of 13 experts convened as part of a National Institutes of Health "consensus conference" conclude "beyond a reasonable doubt" that lowering elevated blood cholesterol levels would reduce the risk of heart attacks.
"Beyond a reasonable doubt" in fact means "with a high order of probability." Surely this is not formal proof. It's a consensus decision.
Example No. 2:
The health benefits of exercise: the formal proof on that is not yet in, yet practically all physicians recommend it. And they are right to do so, because the probable evidence is excellent.
Existing evidence indicates with a very high order of probability that the progression of gangrene in the extremities can be halted nutritionally.
A study recently published in the JAMA states that fewer than 10 percent of all patient decisions are well informed.
All "cut-and-medicate" treatments of gangrene carry with them one main shortcoming: they do little to stop the underlying cause of gangrene, that is the nutrient and oxygen deprivation in the affected areas due to impaired blood circulation.
Also surgery (read: amputation) has its limitations. In some cases it cannot be performed as it may put patient's life at even greater risk! Then, such condition is being qualified as... hopeless. "We're sorry, but nothing else can be done," vascular surgeons keep telling relatives of patients'.
And this is true - but only from the medical point of view.
What makes gangrene, especially its "dry" version, responsive to the nutritional method is the fact that this type of gangrene involves the resultant obstruction only of the arterial blood supply without interference to the venous return.
In other words, in dry gangrene the blood flow (circulation) is only partially impaired and the other part (venous system) is still functioning, or ready to function. Therefore, it is able to cooperate by supporting any attempt to restore internally faulty circulation, especially in its arterial part.
The other factor making dry gangrene highly responsive to the nutritional method is the fact that this disease is characterized by a gradual progression.
In other words, due to relatively slow development of gangrene, there is enough time to support the body nutritionally in order to restore partially impaired circulation - in this case, to unclog arterial blockages.
These two factors - the partial impairment of the blood flow and the gradual progression of the disease - have been commonly overlooked, not to say ignored, by standard medical treatments of gangrene.
Clear-G Formula: The Nutritional Revascularization
Without improving the flow of blood to the affected limbs - amputation is a futile exercise, although it can be life saving at times.
Fortunately, there are people, including a growing number of doctors, who admit that there are successful methods to halt the progression of gangrene, other than temporary medical intervention.
One of the natural, non-amputation methods to effectively treat dry foot gangrene is the nutritional revasculatization.
Its first and foremost goal is to improve and - over a period of time - restore the impaired circulation in the areas wounded by vascular ischemia (decreased blood flow) - the most common cause of foot ulcers and/or gangrene.
The process of natural revascularization can be triggered with an application of nutritional - natural and essential - factors that - when presented in specific ratios and amounts - are able to correct longer standing deficiencies and imbalances which are known to contribute to the circulatory problems.
As opposed to standard medical methods of treating vascular ischemia, the nutritional revascularization helps to reduce the impact of factors that created the buildup of atherosclerotic plaque in the arteries.
Clear-G Formula: Advanced Blood Circulation Support
Any wound requires more blood than normal in order to heal. If that extra blood is not forthcoming the wound never heals and in fact dies back.
The natural restoration of blood flow to the arteries can be done with the help of Gangrene Clearing Formula - a targeted, orthomolecular formulation providing a comprehensive support for the entire circulatory system.
Simply put, our Gangrene Clear-G Formula works to improve and/or restore circulation. And improved circulation allows the body to heal itself.
What could be better than a nutritional supplement fixing the impaired circulation that develops in a diseased body?
There have been medical studies on the beneficial effect of nutritional supplementation on the circulatory system; it appears people with poor blood flow do benefit from specialty dietary supplements.
Nutritional factors - naturally occurring substances, not drugs whose substances are foreign to the body - are able to boost the body chemistry by
correcting possible deficiencies and/or imbalances and
providing optimum conditions for the proper functioning of the body's own intrinsic ability to heal itself.
As far as the cardiovascular system is concerned, according to orthomolecular nutrition, if the right building blocks (nutrients) are present in the body - in the right amounts and at the right time - the body will do the rest.
In other words, if you want to stop the progression of gangrene due to impaired cirulation you need to get to the root of the problem. By just pulling a dandelion out by its leaves, you are not going to get very far.
So far, we have introduced our proprietary Gangrene Clear-G Formula to our clients and customers in 40 countries: the United States (including Virgin Islands and Hawaii), Canada, Malaysia, Australia, the United Kingdom, South Africa, Thailand, New Zealand, Germany, Belgium, Trinidad, Mexico, Italy, Pakistan, Singapore, Mauritius, Suriname (South America), France, Bolivia, Russia, Croatia, Poland, Portugal, Denmark, Israel, Azerbaijan, Kenya, Bosnia, Malta, Ukraine, Czech Republic, Ethiopia, Greece, Spain, Kuwait, Germany, Venezuela, Colombia, Honduras, and Nicaragua.
This all-natural combination of 97 nutrients and phytonutrients (plant nutrients) not only keeps your blood flow to the affected limbs in check (as some drugs do), but actually helps your body rebuild the organs and systems that control blood circulation - without side effects.
No wonder, our Gangrene Clear-G Formula can produce results that doctors have rarely seen before, even with hard-core prescription drugs. And, unlike pharmaceutical drugs, it is very body-friendly.
Our proprietary Gangrene Clear-G Formula is a complete "multi" supporting healthy blood circulation. It has been designed to provide optimal concentrations of vitamins, anti-oxidants, lipotropic factors, chelated minerals, trace minerals, and digestive enzymes as they are all necessary to optimize the blood flow.
In other words, our Gangrene Clear-G Formula does not "destroy" gangrene! It helps the body to eliminate its cause, namely, to stop the progression of gangrene through improving and, over a period of time, restoring impaired blood circulation that is known to contribute to gangrene.
In our clinical experience, Gangrene Clear-G Formula does that in a way of:
reducing the dysfunction of endothelium - the innermost arterial lining by stimulating the body’s natural built-in, internal free-radical scavenging system
overcoming peripheral vascular ischemia by improving and/or restoring circulation - blood flow to the wounded areas
encouraging vasodilatation - widening (dilation) of the lumen of blood vessels
promoting the body's ability to develop collaterals - new, small blood vessels in the problem areas
delivering more vital, oxygen-rich and nutrient-dense blood to the affected areas
producing the growth factors - the necessary for healing substances released by the body into bloodstream and stimulating the growth of tissue and skin
preventing and/or fighting off the infection of gangrenous tissues.
Clear-G Formula
Advanced Blood Circulation Support
Powdered Dietary Supplement
0.99 Lb / 452 Grams
105 Phytonutrients and NutrientsSUPPLEMENT FACTS: Amount Per Serving (1 Scoop)
1. Vitamin A (as Vitamin Palmitate [3,500 IU] and Natural Beta-Carotene [1,000 IU])
4,500 IU
2. Vitamin C (as Ascorbic Acid and Calcium Ascorbate)
1,000 mg
3. Vitamin D-3 (Cholecalciferol)
800 IU
4. Vitamin E (as D-Alpha Tocopheryl Acetate and Mixed Tocopherols)
145 IU
5. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine Hydrochloride)
35 mg
6. Vitamin B2 (as Riboflavin and Ribloflavin-5-Phosphate)
15 mg
7. Niacin (as Niacin, Niacinamide and Inositol Hexaniacinate)
125 mg
8. Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxin HCl and Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate)
100 mg
9. Folic Acid
1,000 mcg
10. Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin)
200 mcg
11. Biotin
4,500 mcg
12. Vitamin B-5 (Pantothenic Acid as D-Calcium Pantothenate)
Our Mission: To Contribute to the Optimal Health of Others™
One of the best dietary supplements in the world™
This product is manufactured in a NSF GMP registered facility in accordance with cGMPs for Nutritional Supplements in accordance with USP 31. The laboratories are ISO 9001:1994 certified and ISO 17025:2005 accredited. Raw materials used in the manufacturing of this product are in full compliance with the Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002. Raw material safety and quality is ensured by the manufacturer's Supplier Qualification Program.
QUALITY & SAFETY ASSURANCE
Mix well 1 scoop in 4 ounces (½ cup) purified lukewarm water. Leave it for a few minutes, stir thoroughly and consume. Then pour in the same cup another 4 ounces of water, stir again and drink. For general circulatory health, have 1 scoop 2 times daily. This dose (1 scoop) may be taken three to five times per day (beginning after breakfast), or as recommended by a qualified healthcare professional.
Refrigerate the jar after opening.
DIRECTIONS
If you are under a physician’s care or taking medication, or if you are pregnant or nursing, consult your healthcare practitioner before using this product.
CAUTION
Quality and purity guaranteed. This product does not contain MSG, wheat, gluten, soy protein, fish, shellfish, milk/dairy, corn, egg, nuts, sugar, salt, starch, artificial coloring, preservatives, or flavoring.
PREMIUM PURITY
FULL OF HEALTH, INC. Since 1996 Clear-G Formula® : Advanced Blood Circulation Support (Rev-F)*
* This statement has not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Full of Health® and Clear-G Formula® are registered trademarks of Full of Health, Inc. BioPerine® is a registered trademark of Sabinsa Corporation.
As you can see, the Gangrene Clear-G Formula consists only of the natural factors vital to the cardiovascular system and present in specific ratios and amounts in order to correct longer standing deficiencies and imbalances that are known to contribute to the common circulatory health problems.
This superior dietary supplement has mitigative, preventive and protecting properties. However, there is no one "miracle" ingredient in the Gangrene Clear-G Formula. It is a special and unique, orthomolecular combination of all of ingredients that helps to accelerate the inner self-healing effect.
In many individuals, our Gangrene Clear-G Formula has also been able to
reduce and stabilize the blood sugars, therefore,
lower insulin requirements (in many cases, better than most prescription drugs).
And there appears to be no harm in taking the Gangrene Clear-G Formula.
Expensive and time-consuming debridements, medications, antibiotics, therapy and skin grafts cannot correct the underlying process which is the impaired blood flow.
What makes gangrene, especially its "dry" version, responsive to the nutritional revascularization is the fact that this type of gangrene involves the resultant obstruction only of the arterial blood supply without interference to the venous return.
In other words, in dry gangrene the blood flow (circulation) is only partially impaired and the other part (venous system) is still functioning, or ready to function. Therefore, it is able to cooperate by supporting any attempt to restore internally faulty circulation, especially in its arterial part.
The other factor making dry gangrene highly responsive to the nutritional method is the fact that this disease is characterized by a gradual progression.
It means that due to relatively slow development of gangrene, there is enough time to support the body nutritionally in order to restore partially impaired circulation - in this case, to unclog arterial blockages.
These two factors - the partial impairment of the blood flow and the gradual progression of the disease - have been commonly overlooked, not to say ignored, by standard medical treatments of gangrene.
Thermography:
The following thermographic photos are of a 57-year-old man whose feet were thermally "amputated" due to poor circulation.
This man considered himself fairly active and on a good diet. He was on the nutritional revascularization program for six (6) weeks.
Before:
A thermographic photo of both feet of a 57-year-old male, prior to the nutritional revascularization program.
After:
A thermographic photo of the same feet of the same 57-year-old male,
after six (6) weeks on the nutritional revascularization program.
The follow-up thermographic photo demonstrates a glowing picture of the feet with all toes visible. The increased temperature in this area was made possible by improved circulation (blood flow).
Within six (6) weeks, vascularity in this man's feet was increased by 86 percent, and pulse volume - by 50 percent. Considering the fact that impaired cirulation in the extremities is difficult to treat, to see such a high degree of response in only six weeks is most significant.
Plethysmography:
The following plethysmographs are of both feet of the same 57-year-old man.
The first graph shows the signs of poor circulation, such as decreased size of the waveform, the oval peaking, and the indistinct low volume peaks - prior to the nutritional revascularization program:
The second graph demonstrates the signs of improved circulation, such as increased size of the waveform, the sharper peaking, and the distinct high volume peaks - after six (6) weeks of the nutritional revascularization program:
Within six (6) weeks on the nutritional revascularization program, vascularity in this man's feet was increased by 86 percent, and pulse volume - by 50 percent.
Considering the fact that impaired cirulation in the extremities is difficult to treat, to see such a high degree of response in only six (6) weeks is most significant.
Thermography is a photographic technique that measures and records infrared heat patterns. It can be used to detect areas of poor circulation in the body.
Plethysmography is a technique used to measure blood flow volume in the body. In atherosclerotic or diabetic disease, the vigour of the blood flow is seriously decreased.
These Stories Speak for Themselves: Testimonials
BEFORE
Thursday, January 31, 2008
Dear Andrew:
I contacted you last year in early December about my father's condition.
He had undergone 2 different surgeries on his right foot: one to remove the 2 outside toes, and then a year later the 3 middle toes. At that time, they also did a bypass and thought my father would be OK.
He had tried IV chelation a few years ago, and I think that helped him some. Unfortunately, he wasn't able to continue the treatments.
Early December, when gangrene in his right foot set in, my father was getting ready to die. The only option he was given by the doctors was below the knee amputation without any guarantee of success. He turned that down. The surgeon had also told my father that basically all his arteries below his knee were “just hanging there like strings.”
I had read enough even then to know that without treating the underlying problem, at best everything being done was no more than putting a band-aid on a huge problem.
Fortunately, as I was looking for information on managing the pain for gangrene, I ran across your website.
Today, he is still walking OK and there is no smell (only 2 months after the gangrene began to set in). He is relatively pain free and hopeful that he has some time left (he says he is too ornery to die).
When I first spoke with you, you said there was perhaps a 50/50 chance that your Formula would help my father, so he agreed to try it.
As far as I am concerned, if not for your product, he may not have made his 80th birthday earlier this month, or if he had, I don’t think he would have been as relatively pain free and in a good condition as he was.
When I ask him, he comments that he is sleeping well at night, without foot pain waking him up. I know when his toes were gangrenous and pain at night was a big problem for him.
My sister, who does not see him as frequently as I do, also commented that his color was looking better than it has in a long time.
Thank you for your product. I believe that it is responsible for giving my father some additional time with good quality.
I have attached a picture of his foot from the bottom. While I am certainly no expert, it seems to me that the foot is healing. I was even able to remove a large section of dead skin off of the top of the foot this morning and underneath the skin seemed pink and healthy.
I am so thankful for this Formula and plan to share the results my father has had with the podiatrist he had been working with. He works with many diabetic patients and is open to alternative therapies. He might find this interesting.
Thank you again. I'll let you know how things go in the upcoming months.
Karen Gibson
Hermitage, TN
Wednesday, May 21, 2008
AFTER (1)
Dear Andrew:
I just wanted to let you know that my dad's foot now appears to be TOTALLY healed.
The 'scab' came off about a week or so ago and the tissue is healthier than it has looked in years. Here are the pictures of his foot as it is now.
I took my father to see his podiatrist last week and he was very happy to see the condition of my father's foot. I brought him an empty jar of your formula.
AFTER (2)
This doctor works with a lot of diabetic patients, perhaps he can steer others your way if they develop gangrene.
Thank you again for the work you have done to create this product!
Karen
P.S. Finding your formula was a specific answer to a specific prayer...
* The testimonial above is a true, documented story. It has been reviewed, however, it is the sole opinion of the listed individual.
Back on or around February 27th, I talked in length with Mr. Andrew Mierzejewski. My father had a baby toe with gangrene and I was looking for a solution to the problem without having to amputate.
Mr. Mierzejewski told me all about the Gangrene Clearing Formula, so by the end of our conversation I felt he was trustworthy enough to go ahead and try it. I got two bottles of the Formula.
To be right to the point, I would like to tell that in my opinion the Formula worked. Over time the blackened skin on the baby toe started to become a shell-like crust. It started to get to the point of just about falling off like a snake sheds its skin.
The reason I am saying that the dead skin almost fell off is that the Formula did not have a chance to completely make it come off.
Unfortunately, my father died of kidney and respiratory failure BEFORE the toe was completely healed.
I just thought that I should still tell you about your Gangrene Clearing Formula!
I wish I knew about earlier! I have always wanted to try natural solution before going to anything radical. This was just one of those situations.
I hope I’ll never come across another situation involving gangrene – but if I do I will always recommend this product.
Thanks for everything,
John Colandreo
Somerville, Massachusetts
* The testimonial above has been presented as a true story. However, it has not been reviewed and is the sole opinion of the listed individual.
First, let me thank you for the unique way you created your web site. It was very easy to find and your words were sincerely understood.
I’m living proof that gangrene can be reversed.
In April 2005, I was in a hospital bed, and about an hour away from a scheduled amputation of the fifth toe of my right foot.
Right from the hospital bed I called your toll-free number and asked you if it was possible to reverse gangrene even though I was told earlier that morning that bones in my toe were also infected, and the answer was “yes.”
I declined the amputation, and two days after taking Gangrene Clearing Formula, the gangrene portion of my toe began to fuse with the non-gangrene area. The rest is history.
My toe is healed and the infection is completely gone. No one can believe it. Many are calling it a miracle, especially since the doctors at one of the most well known university medical centers told me that an amputation was the only remedy.
Day after day as I changed the dressing on my toe, I was amazed to observe steadily growing white healthy tissue. Eventually the gangrene of the affected part came off and the remaining part of the toe healed nicely.
I’m happy to have saved most of my toe, in light of the fact that the surgeons wanted to amputate it all the way up to the metatarsal bone in my foot.
I must admit that it took courage and close to five months for a complete healing, but it was well worth it. The most important thing here is that the gangrene was REVERSED!
Your Formula specifically targeted the problem and is very potent. It really works!!!!!
I might add that you were always available to me for personal support. Also, my sugar is now under control without insulin.
Thank you! Thank you! Thank you!
Denis Wedge
Pennsylvania, USA
* The testimonial above is a true, documented story. It has been reviewed; however, it is the sole opinion of the listed individual.
My 91-year-old aunt had developed gangrene in the toe of her left foot. We took her to a doctor (...)
It was found she had a 75 percent blockage just below her knee. We were told she had two options:
1) to have a five-hour serious bypass surgery, or
2) to have the leg amputated just below the knee.
I was frightened by both alternatives (...) started the Gangrene Clearing Formula on the 3rd of February [2001].
Within 2 weeks, we noticed a hard shell forming around the gangrene area.
On Friday, the 16th of March the scab fell off in her stocking. The toe underneath was left with fresh pink tender baby skin. There is only a small amount left on the toe and that too is scabbing over.
We are so grateful. I cannot say enough!
Michelle Ross
Sodus, Michigan
* The testimonial above has been presented as a true story. However, it has not been reviewed and is the sole opinion of the listed individual.
Here is an illustrated timeline compiled by a devasted son telling the tragic story of the last days of his diabetic elderly mother.
You come to your own conclusion.
July 28th, she left hospital to enter a nursing home.
August 1st, she was admitted to a hospital.
August 6th, she was discharged from the hospital back to the nursing home - without an explanation and despite the fact that the deteriorating condition of her foot was obvious.
September 16th, her son arranged a consultation with an alternative doctor, with the help of a secretary.
October 5th, she was admitted by the alternative doctor to another hospital.
October 6th, her three toes were amputated; unfortunately, an above-knee amputation was required, an operation she could not survive.
October 7th, a fortnights wait for her death.
October 20th, she passed away.
COMMENT: After viewing these and other pictures, you probably keep asking yourself: “How can anyone let their bodies get to that point? How was it possible? It doesn't make any sense at all. Things like that should be prevented from happening!”
Unfortunately, it may be just an example of what is happening right now to someone you know or hold dear...
So far, we have introduced our proprietary Gangrene Clear-G Formula to our clients and customers in 40 countries: the United States (including Virgin Islands and Hawaii), Canada, Malaysia, Australia, the United Kingdom, South Africa, Thailand, New Zealand, Germany, Belgium, Trinidad, Mexico, Italy, Pakistan, Singapore, Mauritius, Suriname (South America), France, Bolivia, Russia, Croatia, Poland, Portugal, Denmark, Israel, Azerbaijan, Kenya, Bosnia, Malta, Ukraine, Czech Republic, Ethiopia, Greece, Spain, Kuwait, Germany, Venezuela, Colombia, Honduras, and Nicaragua.
1. 705. 876. 9357 (US/Can)
